The breath of God, in Isaiah 30:33, is compared to brimstone: "The breath of Yahweh, like a stream of brimstone, doth kindle it."Įnglish translations of verses mentioning brimstone in the Tanakh (1917 JPS) Elsewhere, divine judgments involving fire and sulfur are prophesied against Assyria ( Isaiah 30), Edom (Isaiah 34), Gog ( Ezekiel 38), and all the wicked ( Psalm 11). In Genesis 19, God destroys Sodom and Gomorrah with a rain of fire and brimstone ( Hebrew: גׇּפְרִ֣ית וָאֵ֑שׁ), and in Deuteronomy 29, the Israelites are warned that the same punishment would fall upon them should they abandon their covenant with God. The Hebrew Bible both uses the phrase "fire and brimstone" in the context of divine punishment and purification. Used as an adjective, fire-and-brimstone often refers to a style of Christian preaching that uses vivid descriptions of judgment and eternal damnation to encourage repentance especially popular during historical periods of Great Awakening. The translation used by the 1985 New JPS is "sulfurous fire" while the 1978 Christian New International Version translation uses "burning sulfur." The 1857 Leeser translation of the Tanakh inconsistently uses both "sulfur" and "brimstone" to translate גׇּפְרִ֣ית וָאֵ֑שׁ. The idiomatic English translation of "fire and brimstone" is found in the Christian King James Version translation of the Hebrew Bible and was also later used in the 1917 translation of the Jewish Publication Society. Lightning was understood as divine punishment by many ancient religions the association of sulfur with divine retribution is common in the Bible. Brimstone, an archaic term synonymous with sulfur, evokes the acrid odor of sulfur dioxide given off by lightning strikes. In the Bible, it often appears in reference to the fate of the unfaithful. Smoke rising from a volcano, which the phrase "fire and brimstone" is intended to evoke.įire and brimstone ( Hebrew: גׇּפְרִ֣ית וָאֵ֑שׁ gofrit va’esh, Ancient Greek: πυρὸς καὶ θείου) is an idiomatic expression referring to God's wrath found in both the Hebrew Bible and the Christian New Testament.
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